Differences between current theories of investing assessment Essay Example

Contrasts between current hypotheses of contributing appraisal Essay Numerous ongoing surveies propose that there are significant contrasts between current hypotheses of contributing appraisal and the strategies truly utilized by houses in estimating their since quite a while ago run investments.’ Fundamentally talk this announcement and incorporate, inside your treatment, Hypothetical explanations for the pick of the net present an incentive as the best technique for contributing evaluation A record of why different strategies have end up being so well known with assurance shapers despite the fact that NPV is hypothetically the best technique. We will compose a custom article test on Differences between current speculations of contributing appraisal explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Differences between current hypotheses of contributing appraisal explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Differences between current hypotheses of contributing appraisal explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer One of the cardinal issues for organizations and financial specialists that are hoping to place in an endeavor or another organization is geting at a precise and trustworthy appraisal. Finding and taking a reliable technique for undertaking appraisal is questioning a direct result of the different premises that underlie the hypothetical records. Different factors, for example, the length of the endeavor, the total of the capital contributing and the figure and kind of stocks being fabricated all interest to be mulled over when taking a fit appraisal strategy. The most broadly utilized techniques which will be basically surveyed in this paper are the Net Present Value ( NPV ) , Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) , Accounting Rate of Return ( ARR ) and the Payback Period Methods. In ongoing mature ages at that spot has been a diverting spread from the hypothetical protagonism of a portion of these techniques and their existent utilization by houses. This paper will hope to quantify such c ases and see the components that are doing this relocation. The Net Present Value ( NPV ) is one of numerous strategies used to gauge contributing endeavors using limited hard money streams. Under the NPV strategy, contributing endeavors are seen as holding a waterway of anticipated hard money influxs and departures over the life of the project’s financial life. It expect that other than these hard cash streams, there are no different impacts affecting the endeavor, and consequently simply limited hard money streams are taken into history. [ 1 ] NPV centers around endeavors that augment the net present estimation of all hard cash streams created for the organization, all the more formally it isthe net financial expansion ( or deficit ) from an endeavor, processed by excusing all present and future hard money influxs and departures identified with the venture. [ 2 ] Using NPV all future hard cash streams from the endeavor are limited at a rateI, back to cut 0 which is the beginning of the endeavor. An endeavor is viewed as gainful if it s NPV is more noteworthy than zero and near to another endeavor the 1 with the higher NPV is favored over the substitute endeavor. [ 3 ] NPV is scholastically favored over other contributing evaluation strategies for a few grounds. NPV is easy to figure and to get at an unambiguous closing assurance. NPV other than takes into history the clasp estimation of cash by excusing hard cash streams along these lines taking into history the clasp estimation of cash. Also, its use of hard money streams on the other hand of bookkeeping total compensations implies that it can represent the entirety and timing of hard cash streams from the endeavor each piece great as representing the entirety of the hard money streams over the life of the endeavor. [ 4 ] The NPV other than consolidates danger into the assurance conceiving strategy through the convenience of the investment’s value decrease rate. [ 5 ] Pike and Neale keep up that the NPV expands a firm’s showcase esteem and consequently the shareholders’ premium since executives only acknowledge endeavors which offer positive net these days esteems when limite d at equivalent market paces of inclusion. [ 6 ] A portion of the difficulties looked by financial specialists while using NPV is measuring the estimation of hard cash influxs and departures over the life of the endeavor. Second, NPV technique is only perceived when its worth is certain in an ideal capital market condition in which there are no impediments on the handiness of fund. Notwithstanding, in world markets are limited or proportioned in this way confining the relevance of its assurance guideline. The NPV other than accept that company’s cost of capital is known and is immutable over the life of the endeavor. Nonetheless, in world it is difficult to measure and pick a fitting value decrease rate. Besides, it is far-fetched to remain constant over the life of the endeavor due to the ever changing nature of the monetary condition. [ 7 ] The Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) isthe rate that likens the expense and advantage of the endeavor in footings of present worth. [ 8 ] It is the rate at which the NPV peers zero and henceforth is the maximal expense of financing the endeavor or contributing. Given that the rate alludes only to the project’s inner components, no outside variables are considered in this appraisal strategy. This can be viewed as a bit of leeway in that it does non require the calculation of a perplexing value decrease rate [ 9 ] , on the different manus it other than implies that it does non represent changing business sector situations. Endeavors are acknowledged using this strategy when the IRR is more prominent than the arrival required by the financial specialist. On the different manus, if the IRR is not exactly the riskless pace of return, the endeavor is dismissed. [ 10 ] Some of the downsides to this technique incorporate its reason that grosss are reinvested and the dubious root result s when mark inversion happens more than one time in the project’s hard cash streams. It other than expect that the pace of crediting and appropriation are the equivalent and it accept an equivalent expense of capital all through the project’s life, which is unreasonable. [ 11 ] Luenberger keeps up that both the NPV and IRR strategies have fitting topographic focuses in putting evaluation however in various conditions. [ 12 ] One of the cardinal qualities of the NPV is its contrasting of theinvestment and the pace of return of ordinary subsidizing channels, and thusly makes a more beneficial situation of looking at in thinking about the attainability of the venture. [ 13 ] Conversely, the IRR can be applied when the putting should be over and again reinvested in a similar endeavor. While it perhaps questioning to get at the value decrease rate for the NPV, thought for the clasp estimation of cash is of import in the evaluation technique. Moreover, the expense of capital is an of import way of setting the productivity with which an investor’s capital is contributed. [ 14 ] Additionally, the NPV does non get at any obscure roots, in contrast to the IRR. [ 15 ] However, orchestrating to Kuronen, neither the NPV nor the IRR techniques can catch the invest or esteem made by the contributing. [ 16 ] The recompense contributing appraisal technique is regularly the 1 utilized chief to filtrate out potential endeavors. It asks financial specialists the inquiryhow long will it take for the endeavor to repay its cost? . [ 17 ] In certain occurrences, organizations will hold an imprint compensation day of the month which will follow in their dismissing endeavors which do non run into it. The recompense strategy along these lines gives an expedient way wherein to quantify the risk of the endeavor. It will ever flexibly clear results and its advocators accept that it recognizes less unsafe endeavors or the endeavors which will be contributed for minimal aggregate of clasp. [ 18 ] Harmonizing to CIMA, endeavors ought to non be acknowledged completely on the balance of the compensation strategy and speculators ought to use a progressively complex appraisal procedure. The fame of the compensation technique has been exacerbating since the 1970s because of expanded awareness of its limitatio ns. One such limitation blending to Kuronen is the way that it does non take into history the conceivable overall gain degrees that might be accomplished by the contributing. Second it completely disregards the planning of the pace of profits. Organizations that do use it, do as such in blend with different strategies. [ 19 ] Remer and Nieto find that use of the compensation technique has entirely lessened [ 20 ] , which stand out from the discoveries of Jahnke and Simons who discover grounds to suggest that recompense is in reality utilized rather all the time. They find that the heft of houses use it in mix with different strategies though little houses depend on it as an individual norm. [ 21 ] Another evaluation technique utilized by speculators is the Accounting Rate of Return ( ARR ) which looks at the mean one-year overall gain degrees of an endeavor mind its underlying contributing, communicated as a for each centum. ARR acknowledges endeavors which have an ARR higher than a preset pace of return. This technique utilizes bookkeeping streams rather than hard money streams, not at all like the NPV which implies that it takes a gander at the effect of future detailed overall gains from an endeavor. The cardinal burdens of ARR is that it does non take into history the planning of hard cash streams and the expense of subsidizing and it does non hope to boost investor riches however rather bookkeeping total compensations, not at all like NPV. Moreover, ARR has a tendency to get unessential informations since it depends on bookkeeping overall gains which implies it will distribute a segment of working costs to nations that the endeavor may non be attempted. McLaney accordingl y keeps up that this strategy is unlikely to be utilized widely by financial specialists since it I

451 Essay

In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury passes on a huge message through the differentiating tones he uses to depict Clarisse and Mildred. Bradbury utilizes a respectful, aware tone to depict Clarisse, when Guy Montag sees her without precedent for the road as he strolls home from work (3). The word usage â€Å"slender† and â€Å"milk-white† depicts that Clarisse is youthful and honest. These words make this inclination since one would regularly relate slimness and a reasonable appearance with youth. The embodiment utilized in â€Å"gentle hunger† and â€Å"tireless curiosity† uncover the way that Clarisse is curious to the peruser. The utilization of â€Å"gentle† and â€Å"tireless† permit the peruser to see that Clarisse has a long for information. The symbolism â€Å"sliding walk† and â€Å"dress was white† makes a picture of Clarisse’s aura and outward presentation in the reader’s mind. Utilizing these words additionally gives the peruser the feeling that Clarisse is unadulterated, similar to a blessed messenger, in light of the fact that a sliding walk and white pieces of clothing are related with heavenly attendants. Bradbury’s commending and constructive tone shows that he firmly relates to her character. As opposed to the tone he utilizes while depicting Clarisse, Bradbury utilizes a dull, repetitive tone to discuss Mildred when Guy Montag considers her to be he strolls into their room not long after his experience with Clarisse (11). The allegory â€Å"felt no rain† and â€Å"felt no shadow† thinks about downpour and shadow to the emotions that Mildred doesn't feel. With this illustration, Bradbury uncovers to the peruser that Mildred is impassive, hardhearted. The style â€Å"tamped-shut ears† and â€Å"ears all glass† proposes to the peruser that Mildred is negligent of her environmental factors. These words make the impact that Mildred doesn't see and hear what is going around before her. The likeness â€Å"like a snow-shrouded island† analyzes Mildred’s face to a snow-shrouded island. This analogy leaves the peruser with the feeling that Mildred’s face is pale, practically dead. Bradbury’s indifferent, negative tone shows that he doesn't affirm of Mildred’s neglectfulness and inertia. Bradbury utilizes a respecting, awed tone to depict Clarisse when Guy Montag is recollecting his experience with Clarisse (8). The comparison â€Å"face like the dial of a little clock† contrasts Clarisse’s face and the dial of a little clock. Bradbury proceeds to portray the clock as the sort emitting light in the haziness in the night. This correlation passes on the possibility that Clarisse speaks to great at an opportune time in the book. The analogy â€Å"how like a mirror as well, her face† accentuates the way that Clarisse’s manner as a rule makes Montag consider his activities, musings, and words. Bradbury is attempting to transfer the message that Clarisse has the kind of character that causes others to think about themselves. The comparison â€Å"like the enthusiastic watcher of a doll show† thinks about Clarisse to an anxious watcher of a puppet appear through an analogy. This metaphor exhibits how discerning Clarisse is. Bradbury’s tone of mistrust and wonder shows his deference of Clarisse’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury utilizes differentiating tones towards Clarisse and Mildred so as to pass on his assessment that one ought not indiscriminately the convictions that are introduced to them. Bradbury emphatically accepts that we ought to continually scrutinize our general surroundings. 451 Essay In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury passes on a huge message through the differentiating tones he uses to portray Clarisse and Mildred. Bradbury utilizes a respectful, aware tone to portray Clarisse, when Guy Montag sees her without precedent for the road as he strolls home from work (3). The lingual authority â€Å"slender† and â€Å"milk-white† depicts that Clarisse is youthful and blameless. These words make this inclination since one would regularly relate slimness and an unmistakable appearance with youth. The embodiment utilized in â€Å"gentle hunger† and â€Å"tireless curiosity† uncover the way that Clarisse is curious to the peruser. The utilization of â€Å"gentle† and â€Å"tireless† permit the peruser to see that Clarisse has a want information. The symbolism â€Å"sliding walk† and â€Å"dress was white† makes a picture of Clarisse’s manner and outward presentation in the reader’s mind. Utilizing these words additionally gives the peruser the feeling that Clarisse is unadulterated, similar to a blessed messenger, in light of the fact that a sliding walk and white pieces of clothing are related with heavenly attendants. Bradbury’s commending and constructive tone shows that he emphatically relates to her character. As opposed to the tone he utilizes while depicting Clarisse, Bradbury utilizes a dull, dreary tone to discuss Mildred when Guy Montag considers her to be he strolls into their room soon after his experience with Clarisse (11). The allegory â€Å"felt no rain† and â€Å"felt no shadow† looks at downpour and shadow to the emotions that Mildred doesn't feel. With this illustration, Bradbury uncovers to the peruser that Mildred is indifferent, hardhearted. The phrasing â€Å"tamped-shut ears† and â€Å"ears all glass† proposes to the peruser that Mildred is neglectful of her environmental factors. These words make the impact that Mildred doesn't see and hear what is going around before her. The comparison â€Å"like a snow-shrouded island† looks at Mildred’s face to a snow-shrouded island. This analogy leaves the peruser with the feeling that Mildred’s face is pale, practically dead. Bradbury’s unresponsive, negative tone shows that he doesn't endorse of Mildred’s negligence and dormancy. Bradbury utilizes a respecting, awed tone to portray Clarisse when Guy Montag is recollecting his experience with Clarisse (8). The metaphor â€Å"face like the dial of a little clock† contrasts Clarisse’s face and the dial of a little clock. Bradbury proceeds to depict the clock as the sort radiating light in the dimness in the night. This examination passes on the possibility that Clarisse speaks to great at an early stage in the book. The metaphor â€Å"how like a mirror as well, her face† accentuates the way that Clarisse’s manner as a rule makes Montag think about his activities, considerations, and words. Bradbury is attempting to hand-off the message that Clarisse has the sort of character that causes others to think about themselves. The comparison â€Å"like the excited watcher of a puppet show† thinks about Clarisse to an enthusiastic watcher of a doll appear through an analogy. This analogy exhibits how keen Clarisse is. Bradbury’s tone of incredulity and amazement shows his deference of Clarisse’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury utilizes differentiating tones towards Clarisse and Mildred so as to pass on his feeling that one ought not indiscriminately the convictions that are introduced to them. Bradbury emphatically accepts that we ought to continually scrutinize our general surroundings.

the hatchet Essay -- essays research papers

This book is about a kid named Brian Roberson who stalls out in the wild when his plane accident lands on the grounds that the pilot has a coronary episode. Everything began when Brian's folks had a separation. He was sent away on a plane by his mom since it was late spring when his father had guardianship. The splitting blessing his mom gave him was an ax. He wore the ax on a belt. At the point when he left on the private little Cessna 406 plane in the copilot's seat he never could envision how this little outing would transform him. In the plane he considered his folks and the mystery he kept. The mystery was that he realized that his mother was taking part in an extramarital entanglements with another man when she was as yet hitched to his dad. Brian was thinking this until the pilot intruded on his musings and inquired as to whether he has ever been in a copilot's seat previously. He replied by saying that he has never been on a plane. The pilot told Brian the best way to fly the plane by letting him fly for a ! while. A short while after Brian completed he was reconsidering his folks when he saw that the pilot was scouring his shoulder and jaw. A couple of moments later the pilot said to Brian that he was in a great deal of torment and he began utilizing the radio to flag for help. He didn't make it sufficiently long to talk and had a monstrous coronary episode. At the point when he had the coronary episode he hit the correct rudder making the plane dip right. Brian couldn't accept what occurred. He had a plan to utilize the radio. In any case, not long before the radio transmissi...

Reaction of Natives to the Japanese Occupation of Sea

The Japanese control of Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya affected and subsequently set off a reaction in Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya as different patriot gatherings. A few gatherings were framed and supported by the Japanese, yet others were shaped to restrict the cruelty of Japanese principle. Financial: The monetary channel on the settlements in South East Asia brought about the resistance of the locals towards the Japanese. In Malaya, the annihilation and breakdown of the economy caused a bad dream for the individuals of Malaya. Be that as it may, numerous patriot bunches were framed inside racial gatherings. The Chinese shaped the Malayan Peoples’ Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA). Anyway they couldn't join the general public since participation was constrained to Chinese just and they rehearsed over the top vengeance against associates, making the Chinese people group respect them with dread and watchfulness and the other racial networks couldn't join, henceforth dividing the exertion. The Japanese supported the development of the Indian National Army (INA) drove by Chandra Bose, anyway the autonomy battle needed solidarity and eventually fizzled. They likewise supported the arrangement of the Union of the Peninsular Indonesia (KRIS), anyway there was very little help from both the ethnic Malays and Japanese and furthermore bombed at long last. In Vietnam, the uncontrolled expansion and the shortage of fundamental necessities made the patriotism in Vietnam prosper. At the point when the starvation in Tonkin broke out in 1944, the Viet Minh took over silos having a place with the Japanese and rich proprietors and appropriated the rice to the workers. This added to the ascent of the Viet Minh as they were seen as legends. Subsequently, in the two cases, the unforgiving conditions brought about by the Japanese occupation prompted the ascent of patriot bunches in Malaya and Vietnam. Social: The Japanese Occupation changed the general public of Vietnam and Indonesia. It gave the individuals of Vietnam a conspicuous patriot cause, to oust both the Japanese and the French. This permitted to Viet Minh, who advanced the battle for freedom, to thrive. The contrary impacts of Japanese arrangements awakened the patriot sentiments of the individuals, making them increasingly joined in their battle for freedom. In Dutch East Indies, the Japanese sought after dynamic strategies which influenced the improvement of patriot gatherings. The Muslim instructors were given better treatment and regard rather than the Dutch who by and large disregarded them. The Japanese likewise supported the development of the Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims, otherwise called Masjuni, for the Muslims as a channel to voice their perspectives straightforwardly to the top Japanese organization. They likewise forced a uniform lawful and instruction framework, making Indonesian culture progressively joined together and subsequently making it simpler to develop patriot sentiments. The social changes brought about by the Japanese to these two South-East Asian nations added to the ascent of patriotism, which thusly filled in as the foundation of the natives’ battle for freedom after the Japanese occupation. Political: The political changes in Indonesia and Vietnam helped the ascent of patriotism in these two nations. In Indonesia, the Japanese discharged a few striking pre-war pioneers from jail, permitting the discharged pioneers to lead the patriots. They additionally advanced the development of the Pemuda Movement, which together with PETA assisted with assembling numerous young people and presented them to patriot thoughts. Hizbullah, an association for youth who restricted imperialism, was likewise shaped. Besides, Soekarno, one of the discharged pioneers, gave various patriot talks to dynamic young people. These young people framed a critical base for the patriot resistance to the re-burden of Dutch frontier rule. In Vietnam, the ascent of patriotism drove by the Viet Minh and Ho Chi Minh, is seen when the cruel conditions brought about by the Japanese brought about the hardening of the battle by the Vietnamese for freedom from the French and Vietnamese. Besides, the Japanese additionally effectively reinforced strict gatherings like the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao to counter the impact of the socialists and patriots. In any case, these gatherings would later become significant patriots bunches after the Japanese Occupation. The Japanese legitimately caused the ascent of patriotism in these two South-East Asian nations because of the impacts of their approaches, successfully helping the patriots in their battle for autonomy from the Japanese as well as their previous provincial experts toward the finish of the war. All in all, the gatherings that mushroomed because of the Japanese occupation filled in as the principle spine of hostile to pilgrim battles for autonomy both during and after the Japanese occupation. In spite of the fact that the standard of the Japanese fluctuated in various nations in the area, the final product was the equivalent taking all things together, patriot bunches prepared to lead the battle for freedom with or without Japanese help. The response of the individuals in light of the Japanese everlastingly changed the historical backdrop of South-East Asia.

Essay Writing Tips - Good English Essay Topics

Essay Writing Tips - Good English Essay TopicsIf you want to write a good English essay, you need to keep in mind a number of factors. What do I mean by this? Well, when you want to write an essay that is well-written and contains great information, you should be sure to take into account the following:Writing fluency - This is probably the most important part of your essay writing process. The goal is to craft a well-written essay that makes sense. However, it is not enough to only be able to say things properly; you should also be able to write them correctly. Here's an example of what fluency means. A lot of people may be able to read a book, but they may struggle with the written word.Make sure that you make the effort to learn the grammar points that are included in the chosen topic. The fact is that there are plenty of grammatical pitfalls that will pop up when trying to write your essay. For example, it can be difficult to figure out whether or not you should use a certain ver b or adjective when you are writing a sentence. To prevent these types of pitfalls, you should always ensure that you take the time to learn grammar.Spell check - When you are writing your essay, you should ensure that you use spell check. Don't be embarrassed by misspelled words; this doesn't make you less of a writer. You can always contact someone who specializes in grammar and spelling to help you out.Following a proven structure - A good essay can only be completed if the writer keeps in mind a coherent sequence of ideas. This process is even more essential when trying to write a true essay. There are some essay topics where you may feel like your essay is somewhat incoherent, but there are others where it might have a better flow to it.The type of subject - You must keep in mind that some subjects require you to speak in a specific way when writing your essay. This means that you should keep this in mind when choosing your topic. You should also consider the general mood of th e page that your essay will be displayed on.You should always make sure that you include your personal feelings about each topic that you choose. If you want to write an essay that makes sense, you should make sure that you do this. When you don't, you will find yourself coming across as vague and impersonal.Don't worry if your essay doesn't come out as great as you had hoped. The basics of essay writing are there for you to master.

The Use of Color Throughout The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath - Literature Essay Samples

In both The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath, color is used in order to reflect the atmosphere or mood. This allows Fitzgerald and Steinbeck to illustrate the events in a more sophisticated style and intensify the clarity of actions; therefore allowing the audience to envisage the episodes in a very refined manner. Whilst the use color is equally effective in both novels, it’s function in ‘The Great Gatsby’ tends to be mainly for materialistic features in order to reinforce the theme of conspicuous consumption throughout the book, yet in ‘The Grapes Of Wrath’ color is used more to describe the atmosphere or the time of day, rather than objects. Nevertheless, certain colors (notably white and grey) still have alike connotations and create a similar mood in both of the novels. The purpose of color in ‘The Great Gatsby’ is often for describing objects and highlighting certain aspects of their appearance. The use of color in this way strengthens the theme of materialism and highlights the shallow nature of the characters and particularly Nick as it is he who narrates the tale and constantly uses color in his descriptions. One of the key examples is the use of the colors gold and silver, which often represent wealth and prestige, as at one of Gatsby’s parties it’s noted that the turkeys are ‘bewitched to a dark gold’. This indicates his great wealth, as it’s implied that his richness is so excessive to the extent that it’s almost magical his money effectively transforms his food into gold. Gatsby is also said to possess ‘golden and silver slippers’ which again hints at his sophisticated bourgeois lifestyle, as even the smallest, most inane objects that one would not usually associate with we alth, are still a symbol of his affluence. In contrast, the use of color in ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ is less focused on physical objects, and more concentrated on the description of the surroundings. For example, Steinbeck uses different colors in order to capture the mood at different stages of the day; in the morning ‘the sun was as red as ripe new blood’. This provides the reader with a sense of hope and conveys a sort of freshness for the sunrise, as a new day often signifies promise. Nevertheless the use of the color red may also be interpreted as a warning sign, and therefore creates a sense of uncertainty, as it’s unclear as to what danger may lay ahead in the course of the day. The landscape of Oklahoma is often described with golds and yellows; ‘the yellowing dusty afternoon light put a golden color on the land’. This conveys a sense of warmth and comfort but it could also be viewed that the reference to gold links to money as if the land is reminding the reader of how rich, lush and profitable it used to be. Despite the difference in use of colors in each of the novels, both Fitzgerald and Steinbeck use certain colors to create similar effects. In ‘The Great Gatsby’ white is often used to reflect purity and innocence it is normally associated with Daisy, ironically. She lives in a ‘white palace’ and when Nick first meets her and Jordan they are ‘both dressed in white’. Daisy also refers to her ‘white girlhood’ with Jordan. All of these examples hint at the supposed virtue of Daisy and the integrity of both her and Jordan.The fact that Daisy’s home is white and even her youth is white highlights her perfect, idealistic background and therefore adds to the irony of her immorality. At the end of the novel Fitzgerald suggests that all innocence is lost as on the ‘white steps’ of Gatsby’s house there remains ‘an obscene word, scrawled by some boy’. This reinforces the idea of corruption as it’s clear that the once flawless, white life of Gatsby and Daisy is now soiled. Likewise in ‘The Grapes of Wrath’, white symbolizes peace and purity as Ma imagines ‘little white houses in among orange trees’ in California. This dreamlike description highlights her faith in the American Dream as the white houses symbolize new beginnings and create an image of paradise. This shows that white has connotations of divinity and honor in both writings. Grey is another color which has similar effects in each of the stories, as it is widely used to convey a sense of misery and emptiness. In ‘The Great Gatsby’ this color is often associated with the ‘valley of ashes’ as the Wilsons always seem to appear in a grey light. This captures the desperation of the family as their lives are overshadowed by misfortune and depression. Fitzgerald also mentions ‘grey little villages in France’ which again depicts the image of a small, gloomy town. Similarly, in ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ the houses are said to be ‘grey’ and ‘paintless’ this suggests that the neighborhood is empty and neglected due to the severe impacts of the Dust Bowl. It could even be viewed that the Valley of Ashes and America’s dustbowl of the 1930’s are linked through Fitzgerald’s and Steinbeck’s presentation of the atmosphere as both authors effectively incorporate dark col ors of grey and black to reflect the deprivation and misery of the characters and their lives. Overall it is evident that the use of color is very effective in terms of deepening descriptions in both ‘The Great Gatsby’ and ‘The Grapes of Wrath’, as certain colors have alike impacts in both novels, despite the fact that their purpose is slightly different. Whilst Fitzgerald mainly incorporates color to describe physical objects, Steinbeck uses color to illustrate the atmosphere. One may interpret that this is a consequence of the main contexts of each of the novels as the extravagant ‘Roaring 20’s’ lifestyle of the characters in Gatsby is reflected by the fact that the color description is orientated around items of wealth, yet the Joads basic lifestyle is suggested by the fact that color is only used to describe their surroundings as they don’t really have anything else. This epitomizes the drastic difference in backgrounds between the Joads and characters such as Daisy, Tom and Gatsby.

Drug Interaction With Anti Diabetic Drugs - 772 Words

Faculty of pharmacy Pharmacology and toxicology department Clinical Pharmacology PO512 Assignment Drug interaction with Anti-diabetic drugs Amany Essma Ahmed 136097 Prof.Dr. Amany El-Brairy Assistants AL. Maha Shouman AL. Heba Hossam Introduction Diabetes is considered as insulin secretion deficiency that diagnosed easily by low blood glucose level (Wilson, 2001). There are very common signs and symptoms such as polyphagia, polyuria and polydipsia, thus major complications will be observed from gangrene, glaucoma, kidney failure, and nervous diseases to cardiovascular complications (Wilson, 2001). Classifications of anti-diabetic drugs A. Injected insulin According to Wilson (2001), it is a chemically synthetic injected†¦show more content†¦Drug interactions According to Inzucchi and McGuire (2008), 1. Insulin, alcohol, MAOI and salicylates: hypoglycemia 2. Dicumarol, chloramphenicol and MAOI: reduce hepatic metabolism of sulphonylurea 3. Sulfonamide, probencid and salicylates: reduce urinary excretion of sulphonylurea 2. Biguanides e.g. metformin Mechanism of action Anti-hyperglycemia will be achieved through many steps; decreasing glycogen breakdown, improving insulin sensitivity in the tissues and decreasing glucose synthesis by the liver and its absorption by the intestine (Inzucchi and McGuire, 2008). Uses Used mainly in controlling hyperglycemia, either alone or in combination with sulphonylurea. Also it has anti-hypertension effect (Inzucchia and McGuire, 2008). Adverse effects Cause lactic acidosis and many GIT problems such as anorexia, nausea and vomiting (Inzucchi and McGuire, 2008). Drug interactions As Inzucchi and McGuire (2008) said that, 1. Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid when taken with it: decrease their absorption 2. Ibubrufen, propranolol, nifedipine and glyburide: hyperglycemia 3. Quinidine, cimetidine and trimethoprim: reduce metformin elimination and increase its serum concentration. 3. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors e.g. Miglitol Mechanism of action They inhibits alpha amylase enzyme that is responsible for carbohydrate digestion and so delay their absorption from the intestine in order to manage diabetes (Nathan, et. al., 2008). Uses Combine withShow MoreRelatedTypes And Types Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1046 Words   |  5 Pagescomplications, the patients are prescribed with multiple treatment modalities such as oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin sensitizers. The advancement in research has helped in identifying various gluco-regulatory receptors as well as novel class of drugs for these targets that are found to have effective control on diabetes as well as its complications [6]. The primary classes of anti-diabetic drugs include sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylinRead MoreThe New Class Of Anti Diabetic Drugs2008 Words   |  9 Pagesare the new class of anti-diabetic drugs that are the first to be able to manage glycaemia goals. Troglitazone was first approved for the market in 1997, but it was withdrawn from the market by 2000. After the withdrawal of troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were introduced in 1999 as potentially safer alter natives. However, currently rosiglitazone is under black box warning for increased risk of cardiovascular disease and pioglitazone is in a nutshell as the drug required more investigationRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases Characterized By Hyperglycemia Resulting From Defects1463 Words   |  6 Pages(R/N) Drug Class Antidiabetic agent Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed from subcutaneous administration and metabolized by liver spleen, kidney and liver. Indications Diabetes mellitus Mechanism of Actions Binds to the receptors located on the target cells triggers changes in cellular activity Increase the glucose uptake by cell membrane of the skeletal muscle cells and fat cells, increased protein synthesis Side Effects Hypoglycemia, allergic reactions Significant Interactions Drug-Drug: betaRead MoreEfficacy Of Lisinopril1126 Words   |  5 PagestheIR quality of life have been improving in the past 100 due to changes in medicine and in public health (Mattes et al., 2013). Patients are placed on multiple medications at the same time and it important to understand their safety, efficacy, drug interaction, and toxicity (Mattes et al., 2013). As Mr. Cynthia Nurse practitioner, my job is to understand what affect her prescribing medication is having on her body. I have place Mrs. Cynthia on Lisinopril for her hypertension and metformin for her typeRead MoreComplications and Prevalence of Diabetes1391 Words   |  6 Pageseither due to insufficient insulin production or to the inability of cells to respond to insulin. Diabetes can cause a lot of long-term complications that affect different parts of the body. It can cause eye complications such as glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and blindness. Foot complications that can lead to amputation can also result from uncontrolled diabetes. Skin infections and disorders are more common to people with diabetes. It also causes heart problems, ischemia, stroke, kidneyRead MorePharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of aqueous extract of Cassia auriculata L. leaves and Metformin in rats.1533 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Cassia auriculata L. (CA) is profoundly used as a tonic, astringent, anti-diabetic, conjunctivitis and opthalmia in Ayurvedic medicine (Subhadradevi et al., 2011). It is one of the principle constituent of Avaarai panchaga chooranam; an Indian herbal formulation used in the treatment of diabetes to control the blood sugar level (Berman et al., 2001). Cassia species, are rich sources of polyphenols, anthraquinone derviatives, flavanoids, polysaccrides, saponins, tannins and steroidsRead MoreMechanistic Analysis Of Biguanide Induced Inhibition Of Oxidative Phosphorylation1460 Words   |  6 Pagescompounds into the mitochondria varies on hydrophobicity, in general anti-diabetic biguanides can passively diffuse while anti-malarial compounds cannot. These findings are a next step in trying to understand the biochemical interactions this family of compounds has within mitochondria. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that all five biguanide compounds tested inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OP) through an interaction with complex I in the electron transport chain (ETC). Through ElectronRead MoreFormulation Manufacturing Issues of Levadopa/ Carbidopa Combinations1543 Words   |  6 PagesFormulation Manufacturing Issues Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet ®) – Synthetic Drug The most effective drug used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. When Levodopa is consumed on its own, it evidentially causes nausea and vomiting. Due to this factor a combination therapy with the drug carbidopa is essential in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease to avoid side effect. The most popular carbidopa/levodopa pharmaceutical formulation is called Sinemet ®. Carbidopa/levodopa can be foundRead MoreThe Herbal And Dietary Supplement Market1501 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of food in treatment and prevention of diseases since regular consumption of synthetic drugs sometimes cause organ failure and so many other effects. Again, consumers have the belief that food like substances are either harmless or less toxic as compared to conventional drugs, furthermore nutraceuticals are cheaper and are safe with regards to avoiding the side effects associated with drugs (Tapans et al., 2008). CLASSIFICATION Nutraceuticals can be isolated nutrients herbal products, dietaryRead MoreDiabetic Case Study877 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist (AACE) treatment goals are individualized and aimed at lowering A1C and prevention of hypoglycemia along with decreased comorbidities associated with diabetes. Diabetics who are at an increased risk for hypoglycemia include: a diagnosis of greater than 15 years, advanced macrovascular disease, hypoglycemia unawareness, limited life expectancy and severe comorbidities (Garber, Blonde, Bush, Einhorn, Garber,et al., 2017). In addition Fowler (2010)

John Jacob Astor - Biography of Richest American

John Jacob Astor was the wealthiest man in America in the early 19th century, and when he died in 1848 his fortune was estimated to be at least $20 million, an astounding sum for the time. Astor had arrived in America as a poor German immigrant, and his determination and business sense led him to eventually create a monopoly in the fur trade. He diversified into real estate in New York City, and his fortune increased as the city grew. Early Life John Jacob Astor was born on July 17, 1763 in the village of Waldorf, in Germany. His father was a butcher, and as a boy John Jacob would accompany him to jobs butchering cattle. While a teenager, Astor earned enough money at various jobs in Germany to enable him to relocate to London, where an older brother was living. He spent three years in England, learning the language and picking up any information he could about his ultimate destination, the North American colonies which were rebelling against Britain. In 1783, after the Treaty of Paris formally ended the Revolutionary War, Astor decided to sail to the young nation of the United States. Astor left England in November 1783, having bought musical instruments, seven flutes, which he intended to sell in America. His ship reached the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay in January 1784, but the ship became stuck in ice and it would be two months before it was safe for the passengers to land. Chance Encounter Led to Learning About the Fur Trade While languishing aboard ship, Astor met a fellow passenger who had traded for furs with the Indians in North America. Legend has it that Astor quizzed the man extensively on the details of fur trading, and by the time he set foot on American soil Astor had resolved to enter the fur business. John Jacob Astor eventually reached New York City, where another brother was living, in March 1784. By some accounts, he did enter the fur trade almost immediately and soon returned to London to sell a shipment of furs. By 1786 Astor had opened a small shop on Water Street in lower Manhattan, and throughout the 1790s he kept expanding his fur business. He was soon exporting furs to London and to China, which was emerging as a huge market for the pelts of American beavers. By 1800 it was estimated that Astor had amassed nearly a quarter of a million dollars, a considerable fortune for the time. Astors Business Continued to Grow After the Lewis and Clark Expedition returned from the Northwest in 1806 Astor realized he could expand into the vast territories of the Louisiana Purchase. And, it should be noted, the official reason for Lewis and Clarks voyage was to help the American fur trade expand. In 1808 Astor combined a number of his business interests into the American Fur Company. Astors company, with trading posts throughout the Midwest and Northwest, would monopolize the fur business for decades, at a time when beaver hats were considered the height of fashion in America and Europe. In 1811 Astor financed an expedition to the coast of Oregon, where his employees founded Fort Astoria, an outpost at the mouth of the Columbia River. It was the first permanent American settlement on the Pacific Coast, but it was destined to fail due to various hardships and the War of 1812. Fort Astoria eventually passed into British hands. While the war doomed Fort Astoria, Astor made money in the final year of the war by helping the United States government finance its operations. Later critics, including the legendary editor Horace Greeley, accused him of having profiteered in war bonds. Astor Accumulated Vast Real Estate Holdings In the first decade of the 19th century Astor had realized that New York City would continue to grow, and he began buying up real estate in Manhattan. He amassed vast property holdings in New York and the surrounding area. Astor would eventually be called the citys landlord. Having grown tired of the fur trade, and realizing it was too vulnerable to changes in fashion, Astor sold all his interests in the fur business in June 1834. He then concentrated on real estate, while also dabbling in philanthropy. Legacy of John Jacob Astor John Jacob Astor died, at the age of 84, in his house in New York City on March 29, 1848. He was by far the richest man in America. It was estimated that Astor had a fortune of at least $20 million, and he is generally considered the first American multimillionaire. Most of his fortune was left to his son William Backhouse Astor, who continued to administer the family business and philanthropic endeavors. John Jacob Astors will also included a bequest for a public library. The Astor Library was for many years an institution in New York City, and its collection became the foundation for the New York Public Library. A number of American towns were named for John Jacob Astor, including Astoria, Oregon, the site of Fort Astoria. New Yorkers know the Astor Place subway stop in lower Manhattan, and there is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens called Astoria. Perhaps the most famous instance of the Astor name is the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. John Jacob Astors grandsons, who were feuding in the 1890s, opened two lavish hotels in New York City, the Astoria, named for the family, and the Waldorf, named for John Jacob Astors native village in Germany. The hotels, which were located at the present site of the Empire State Building, were later combined into the Waldorf-Astoria. The name lives on with the current Waldorf-Astoria on Park Avenue in New York City. Gratitude is expressed to the New York Public Library Digital Collections for the illustration of John Jacob Astor.

Hiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 1432 Words

Currently, 1.2 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, with the number of new HIV diagnoses declining by 19% from 2005 to 2014 (aids.gov). This decrease in diagnoses is due to the new medical advancements and scientific findings, specifically the discovery of nonprogessers, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), and how these bNAbs can offer a new insight on HIV treatment and prevention. The HIV infection and disease progression varies from person to person. It can be divided into three main categories based on how fast the disease progresses into full-blown AIDS as well as each individual’s lab results. The top and most severe tier of HIV is rapid progression of HIV. With rapid progression, AIDS developed within three years of the diagnosis. The next tier is intermediate progression. For individuals within this tier, the time it takes for HIV to progress to AIDS varies between three and ten years after the HIV virus was found to be detectable within their blood. The last tier is composed of long-term non-progressors, or LTNPs (Kumar). Despite having been diagnosed with HIV, those that fall within the LTNP category do not show symptoms. They make up only about one to five percent of the total HIV population. To be considered a long term non progressor, one must remain symptom free, maintain a low viral load without antiretroviral treatment and have a CD4+ T cell count above 500/mm3 for more than seven yearsShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndro me (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )884 Words   |  4 Pages(2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condition is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDSRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sharing needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infections

Air Pollution Essay - 1780 Words

Air Pollution Earth is the only place in the universe that can support human life. It is very important that we realize this fact and take very good care of it. Various human activities cause the destruction of earth. Human beings can live a few days without food and water however humans can last only a few seconds without oxygen. Various human activities lead to the aggravation of the quality of air. Gases produced by human activities mainly due to exploitation of resources and industrialization cause air pollution. Green house gases mainly chlorofluorocarbons; carbon†¦show more content†¦Currently carbon dioxide is responsible for 57% of the global warming trend. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s): CFC’s are lowering the average concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. â€Å"Since 1978 the use of CFC’s in aerosol cans has been banned in the United States, Canada and most Scandinavian countries. Aerosols are still used around the world and accounts for 25% of global CFC’s use†. (Miller 448). Spray cans discarded or leaking refrigerator and air conditioning equipment and the burning plastic foam products release the CFC’s into the atmosphere. Depending on the type, CFC’s stay in the atmosphere from 22 to 111 years.† Chlorofluorocarbons move up to the stratosphere gradually over several decades. Under high energy ultra violet (UV) radiation break them down and release chlorine atoms, which speed up the breakdown of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2). Chlorofluorocarbons, also known as Freons, are green house gas that contributes to global warming. Photochemical air pollution is commonly referred to as â€Å"smog†. Smog is the contraction of the words smoke and fog, smog has been caused by water condensing on smoke particles, usually from burning coal. With the introduction of petroleum to replace coal economies in countries, photochemical smog has become predominant in many cities, which are located in sunny warm and dry climates with many motor vehicles. The worst episodes ofShow MoreRelatedAir Pollution essay910 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution has become a major problem in the United States. The agricultural industry must help maintain air quality. By doing that the United States has started trying to make machines that will help reduce the pollution in the air which will help the environment. One way the United States has tried stopping air pollution and that is to create a solar powered machine which decreases air pollution. But also there are some ways that the people of the United States can help stop air pollution. Read MoreEssay On Air Pollution1500 Words    |  6 PagesIntroduction: Pollution is when a harmful or poisonous gas is emitted in the presence of air that can be very harmful to the environment even for humans, especially when we don’t do anything . We might think that pollution is not really a problem in the world but it is one major problem and some countries are suffering from it now. There are many ways that we can stop pollution about but we just don’t really take matter of it, if people will just observe how pollution is affecting the environmentRead MoreAir Pollution Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagespremature deaths caused each year due to air pollution in cities across the world† (Air Pollution). Every day the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of contaminated air, Such as carbon dioxide and smog (Brimblecombe). These pollutants are released throughout the world’s atmosphere in concentrations that are high enough to cause health problems, which leads to one of the main problems today, and that would be air pollu tion (Socha). The main cause of air pollution is all of the toxic chemicals thatRead MoreAir Pollution Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesAll living things use air and it must be clean to maintain life on earth. When air pollution becomes the subject, what do you think about? Smog, acid rain, and other forms of outdoor pollution are the common things people think about. Air pollution can also exist indoors as in closed ventilated areas that we surround. This makes the air that we breathe indoors inescapable and the pollution exist both indoor and outdoor. For example, hair spray usage indoor is polluting the air inside because of theRead MoreAir Pollution Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesAir pollution can be described as any contaminate of the atmosphere that disturbs the natural composition and chemistry of the air. This can be in the form of particulate matter such as dust, or excessive gases like carbon dioxide or other vapors. These pollutants can occur naturally, or are the product of human activities. The air that we breathe is filled with substances that are hazardous to our health. Some contaminates can be noticed because of an odor, where some cannot because they are odorlessRead MoreEssay On Air Pollution1777 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Environment pollution is a wide reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human population is a great the systematic pollution of our environment is one of the biggest hazards that humanity faces today. Air is on of important element of earth which is compulsory for life. Air pollution may be described as contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid or solid wastes or by-products that can endanger human health and welfare of plantsRead More Air Pollution Essay2769 Words   |  12 PagesAir Pollution Among the different Civil rights and liberties Americans should be able to enjoy are the ones to breathe clean, good quality air, indoor (schools, homes, hospitals, offices, homes, sports complex, camps and churches) and outdoor, and live in areas safe from contaminated landfills, all very debated environmental policy issues. The United States Government at the federal as well as at the state and city levels is very much aware of the importance of the air pollution problem, in allRead MoreAir Pollution in China Essay747 Words   |  3 PagesAir Pollution in China When people think about air pollution, the things that come to their mind are smog, acid rain, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. Air Pollution is not a new topic. It is a problem that we have noticed since the industrial revolution, when trees, houses and cars were covered in soot from the factories. Every year, chemical substances present in the air within buildings affect the healths of thousands of people. The definition of air pollution is The presence in theRead MoreEssay Investigating Air Pollution1158 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigating Air Pollution There are many different types of air pollutant. These pollutants have different effects on the environment and on our health. Some, directly because they are harmful chemicals and others because they can react together to produce harmful chemicals. Other pollutants or pollutant combinations upset the natural balance of acidity and nitrogen in the environment which can affect the diversity of species in sensitive areas. Other pollutants canRead MoreAir Pollution - Essay 71320 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFC s, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. The health of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. We chose this topic to be more aware about air pollution these days because it is more harmful to our health. To know some idea on how to handle air pollution and the importance of protecting the environment. An expression implying that we live because we breathe. Fresh air is the phase

The Role of Situation Analysis for a Marketing Plan

Situation analysis becomes increasing important for a marketing plan development. This essay aims to explain why it is so important and what factors it focus on and finally, a guild list is present and justify for the construction of an effective situation analysis for a Marketing Plan of J Boag Son Brewery. Analyzing situation prior a strategic decision is critical for generating or sustaining competitive advantages, especially when facing the dynamic environmental trend which can affect corporations’ performance positively or negatively. The main task for a situation analysis is to explore the external factors (that can imply what opportunities a firm should seize and what threats it has to pay caution to) and internal factors (that†¦show more content†¦The 35mm camera market was dominated by Japanese manufacturers. Market Nature: Large, complex, fast-developing market for 35mm-camera manufacture During the 1960s and 1970s, the 35mm single lens reflex became increasingly popular. By 1980s, the trend turned to automatic rangefinder type that called ‘point and shoot’ and the disposable plastic was welcome to be used in cameras. Situation Analysis – External Factors ï‚Ÿ Legislation dimension: international tariffs are removed by GATT agreement ï‚Ÿ Social dimension: people in Europe have income and leisure time increased as well as the environmental concerns arisen in terms of chemical waste and disposal ï‚Ÿ Economic dimension: currency fluctuations of Yen would impact the price of Japanese products including camera, while manufacturing costs in German factory 15% higher than in UK ï‚Ÿ Technological dimension: automatic ‘point and shoot’ technology and cheap plastic disposable models were still popular in 1980s ï‚Ÿ New entrants: Chinese and Korean manufactures that can provide low price ï‚Ÿ Supplier power: Lens manufacturers tend to forward integrate into cameras and films making ï‚Ÿ Threat of substitutes: Digital camera is replacing traditional camera ï‚Ÿ Buyer power: not dominated by certain distributors Situation Analysis – Direct Competitor Japanese manufacturers such as Nikon and Canon which have goodShow MoreRelatedSituation Analysis in Marketing Plan Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesyou can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat’. Hence, the company must make marketing plan systematically, in terms of its objectives and missions, if it pursues maintaining a high level of operating efficiency, and achieving above-average returns. The role of situation analysis Situation analysis is an essential first step in the process of marketing plan. Jain (2004) states situation analysis is an important way in terms of forecasting the shape of things, analyzing strategic alternativesRead MoreMarketing Plan -- Situation Analysis1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of situation analysis in marketing plan Facing to more complex business environment, systematically marketing plans are important to organizations in terms of maintaining a high level of operating efficiency and achieving goals fully. According to Sally and John (1996:3), marketing plans are â€Å"the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organization’s marketing activities related to a particular marketing strategy† (Sally, D., Lyndon S., John, B., 1996: 3). ARead MoreCompany and Marketing Strategy: Partnering to Build Customer Relationships1465 Words   |  6 Pagesmarketing’s role in strategic planning and how marketing works with its partners to create and deliver customer value 4. Describe the elements of a customer-driven marketing strategy and mix, and the forces that influence it 5. List the marketing management functions, including the elements of a marketing plan, and discuss the importance of measuring return on marketing investment Chapter Outline 1. Companywide Strategic Planning: Defining Marketing’s Role 2. Marketing Strategy and the Marketing Mix Read MoreMarketing Plan827 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Marketing Business Environment Marketing Planning: An Overview of Marketing 6 main questions to ask in order to create your marketing plan: 1. Where are we now? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 2. How did we get here? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 3. Where are we heading? (Marketing audit, SWOT Analysis) 4. Where would we like to be? (Marketing objectives) 5. How do we get there? (Core Strategy, Marketing mix decisions, Organization, ImplementationRead MoreStrategic Marketing : Business World, Tourism And Hospitality Industry Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted to deal with the present condition of Great Yarmouth as a tourist destination through the analysis with strategic marketing, planning process, environmental analysis and recommended some strategic options for Great Yarmouth for achieving a sustainable source of competitive advantage. Task 1: The key fundamentals of strategic marketing Strategic marketing: The ultimate goal of strategic marketing is achieving a distinctive position (i.e. above average performance) that can give it a sustainableRead MoreMarketing Plan For Tourism Macedon Ranges1482 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive summary This marketing plan is designed for Tourism Macedon Ranges in 2016; the marketing plan aims to build the awareness of the Macedon Ranges at the tourism domestic and international markets, in order to attract more visitations to the region. In same time, the marketing plan also aims to enhance the quality and variety of products and services provided by the Macedon Ranges to maximise customers’ satisfaction and travelling experience.. Other incredible sources of information wereRead MoreLiko1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Marketing Blooms: Apply AACSB: Reflective Thinking Page: 07 Value is the customers perception of all of the benefits of a product or service weighed against all the costs of acquiring and consuming it. Benefits can be functional (the performance of the product), experiential (what it feels like to use the product), and/or psychological (feelings such as self-esteem or status that result from owning a particular brand). | | 2 INCORRECT | | How did integrated marketing communicationsRead MoreMarketing Pl An Organization1658 Words   |  7 PagesWeek 8 Marketing Plan Lacey Davis A marketing plan is a strategic document outlining an organization’s advertising and marketing efforts describing its goals and objectives within a certain time period. **The components and dimensions are important in developing a marketing plan and useful to non-profit and profit organizations. A Marketing Plan assists in obtaining external funding, useful in identifying strategic alliances, and assist in gaining customer commitment, strategic plans oftenRead MoreThe Key Financial Commitments That The Company Must Make A Strategy For Managing Human Resources818 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal workers to the company to guide those responsible for achieving the financial objectives of the company. Moreover, the control tools will allow to account for the situation of the company at a given time. These are boards set up by the financial team the company that will give to the company a reflection of its situation in comparison to the sector. Moreover, the performance of Wal-Mart is directly related to the performance of women and men who compose it. A priority of the company is thereforeRead MoreCurrent Marketing Performance1166 Words   |  5 PagesBSBMKG608A: Develop organisational marketing objectives Description This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to conduct a strategic analysis to develop organisational marketing objectives. This involves reviewing the organisation s internal and external environments, evaluating past and current marketing performance, and exploring and evaluating new marketing opportunities. No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at

National Parks System free essay sample

Overview of system, role of Forest Service, history, legal preservation, tourism, pollution, overuse and economics. Includes examples. The National Parks Service administers the 367 parks, historical sites, and recreation areas under its purview, while the U.S. Forest Service oversees U.S. forest policy for a much broader wilderness area. When these lands were first designated a national forests, it was clear that they had been set aside for consumptive uses, but new priorities and new forces have brought into question many of the traditional guidelines for the use of this land. The political and social environment of the management of the national parks has changed many times over the years as a re-examination and a re-ordering of priorities have occurred, and as part of this process considerable conflict has been generated among different groups and factions with different ideas about what the priorities should be. Both the National Parks Service (NPS) and the Forest Service face considerable. We will write a custom essay sample on National Parks System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Impact of Plastic Debris -Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the the Impact of Plastic Debris on the Marine Ecosystem. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the assignment is to study the impact of plastic debris on the marine ecosystem. The study is based on three literary sources. The first source is the video titled Plastic Paradise by media journalist Angela Sun, which speaks about the Midway Inlands in the Pacific Ocean and the devastating level of plastic debris, which collect on and around its shores. The second literary case is an article published in the English newspaper the Daily Mail by Liberatore which speaks about the immense quantities of plastics which reach the ocean along the biggest rivers in the world (dailymail.co.uk, 2017). The book by Charles W. Hill mentions current events like globalisation and international trade. An analysis of these three cases shows that though they look unrelated, they are heavily related to each other. It is this relatedness between these three literary sources, which make it important to combine them to realise the full meaning and benefit from them. Sun in her article speaks ab out the devastating impact plastic debris has on the marine ecosystem. She states that birds, fishes and other marine mammals due to suffocation and poisoning by the plastic. These have devastating impact on the industries like fishing and restaurant, which obtain raw materials from these marine animals. The plastic break down into minute pieces, which are embedded into the bodies of the marine animals, and finally the human beings who eat these animals. Moreover, the nets of nylon destroy coral reefs, which form sources of food for the ecosystem and medicines for fatal diseases like cancer (Holm, Eriksson Johanson, 2015). The minute pieces of plastic enter human bodies and causes hormonal imbalances, brain damage and finally death. It is thus huge scale of pollution by plastic and its devastating impacts on all living things including man make the matter through the literary sources important to study (Arora et al., 2017). Thus, the impact of this large-scale pollution due to plas tic and plastic nets is poisoning of the coral reefs. Fishes that in turn get the minute plastic pieces in their bodies consume the poisonous corals. These minute pieces enter the human bodies when they these fishes. The plastic damages the physiological systems in the body leading towards death. Thus, the impact of the plastic pollution in the oceans is nemesis for all the living creatures on earth including man (Padhy Mishra, 2015). An analysis of the video by Sun and the article by Liberatore shows that a major portion of debris is composed of bottles, air condition parts, boxes and other packages. It can be pointed out that this immense amount of packages belongs to goods produced by the FMCG companies all round the world. The consumers of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) consume the products and dump their plastic packages into rivers. These excessive applications of plastic in the FMCG goods have made the FMCG industry to the target industry for the study on impact of plastic on the oceans (Zheng, 2013). Current events: The current events mentioned of the three literary sources consists of a video available Youtube called Plastic Paradise, a newspaper article from the international English language daily, the Daily Mail on river pollution caused due to plastic and a book. The name of the book is International Business by Charles W. Hill, University of Washington. The sections that follow would analyse and discuss the similarities and differences between the book, the video and the newspaper article. Differences and similarities between the three literary sources: There are several similarities and differences between the three literary sources the author has chosen namely, the video, the newspaper article and the book. The following two sections would analyse these differences and similarities: Differences between the three literary sources: The first difference between the Youtube video, the Daily Mail article and the book is their area of coverage. The video titled Plastic Paradise deals with dumping plastic in the oceans and how the ocean currents go in circular forms washing these plastic dump up to the shores of surrounding landmasses both large continents and small islands. The video concentrates more on the Pacific Ocean and the Midway Islands in it, which has earned the name Plastic Island owing to tonnes of plastic debris, which the currents wash up the islands shores (youtube.com, 2017). The article in the Daily Mail speaks about the herculean scale of river pollution in the main rivers across the world due to plastic dumps. The article, unlike the video concentrates mainly on the ten main rivers on earth like Yang Tze and the Ganges, which add ninety percent of the oceans plastic content. The book does not speak about pollution due to plastic in water bodies, instead speaks about globalisation, economic develo pment and religions (Hill, 2017). The second point of difference between the three literary sources lie in their treatment of the topics they explain. The video speaks about the dangerous effect plastic is having on the environment, oceans and the living things. The video spans across diverse topics like plastic production, use of plastic, its impact on the marine creature, how it enters the food chains and finally how it devastates the bodies of living organisms. The video clearly shows how presence of plastics in the fishes and marine creatures harm the industries like restaurant industries around the world to which these creatures function as raw materials. It, in other words shows how irresponsible profit making propensity of one industry namely the gas and chemical industries making plastics prove harmful for other industries namely, the restaurant and the fishing industry in the long run. The book treats diverse range of topics namely globalisation, international trade and marketing. The book does not speak abo ut pollution but globalisation, which is one of the leading causes of pollution (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Similarities between the literary sources: The first similarity between the three literary sources is that they speak about pollution. The video shows that multitude of marine pollution in oceans namely the Pacific Ocean due to plastic debris from the economic giants Asia and North America. The video also attribute the inflow of plastic articles like bottles, cans and packages mostly from the fast moving consumer goods to the ships and boats voyaging the oceans (Jambeck et al., 2015). The newspaper articles too point out to the multitude of pollution due to plastic in the rivers and ultimately to the seas and oceans. Thus, it can be analysed that the newspaper indirectly speaks about the enormous amount of plastic items, which find ways into the oceans. The article in fact, concludes with the mention of the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean, the main feature the video. This shows that the article from the Daily Mail and the video actually point at the same point which is, impact of plastic debris on marine environment and consequently to all living things on earth including man (trach Wiesinger, 2015). The book speaks about topics like globalisation and market entry strategies. One can point out that globalisation has led to rapid industrialisation which in turn leads to generate unimaginable amount of sewage. It can be pointed that industries like FMCG have entered virtually every economy and cater to the global consumer base. These industries use enormous amount of plastic for packing and packaging their products. Thus, globalisation and expansion of industries like FMCG has led to outflow of enormous amount of plastic into the rivers and finally the oceans. Thus, the book indirectly speaks about pollution of water bodies like rivers and oceans (Srinivasan Lu, 2014). The second similarity between the video, article and the book is that they speak about management of resources in sustainable ways. The video shows that irresponsible actions of the plastic companies producing plastic goods, FMCG companies who use it to package and pack their products and the consumers who use both the items devastate the biomes on the earth, slowly and gradually. It states that the minute pieces of plastic gradually enter the food chains when fishes and marine creatures eat them which either causes their death or makes them unfit for human consumption. This deteriorating quality of the fishes is raking havoc on the industries like restaurant, marine food, fishing and tourism. Thus, in other words, industries are able to affect each other through their actions (Padhy Mishra, 2015). The newspaper speaks about how these industries dump plastic, which flows out into the oceans. An analysis of the article clearly point out how lack of sustainable sewage disposable metho ds in the factories situated on the rivers ultimately lead to ocean pollution. For example, the plastic sewage of the Ganges ultimately pollutes the Indian Ocean and the plastic discharge of the Yang Tze pollutes the Pacific waters. The book also speaks about human resources, globalisation and international trade, all of which promote responsible operation of companies in crucial areas like sustainability (Eriksen et al., 2013). Political orientation behind the perspective of the materials originator: There are no clear political intentions, which made the authors of the video, newspaper article or the book, which motivated them to form these three literary sources. It is maker of the video have similar inclination. Their inclination was to create awareness about the devastating effect plastic has on the marine life and consequently on the entire ecosystem. The inclination of Charles W. L. Hill to write the book is to educate the readers, chiefly the university students on globalisation and related topics like international trade. The author of the newspaper article by Stacy Liberatore does not bear any political inclination since the author apparently has no political background. The main narrator of the video Plastic Paradise-the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Angela Sun, is a media journalist. The video apparently does not show any intention to politicise pollution. Thus, it can be summarised from the discussion that the authors of the literary sources namely, the British daily, the video and the book have no political orientation (Vegter et al., 2014). The authors of the newspaper article, video and the book are Stacy Liberatore, Angela Sun and Hill respectively. They apparently have no political orientation behind writing or making these videos and articles. First, the author of the newspaper article, Liberatore is apparently a homemaker who works as a freelancer and lives in America. She in the article in the English daily expresses serious concern about the devastating impact plastic debris is having on the rivers. She pointed out that the rivers in the world like the Ganges of India and the Yang Tze of China with largest discharge of water carry with them millions of tonnes of plastic debris into the ocean they flow. She concluded the article by mentioning the Midway Islands, which has earned the name Plastic Island wing to the immense amount of plastic debris the Pacific Ocean has washed up its shores (Sirirat, 2017). The main narrator of the video Angella Sun is a media journalist who apparently does not showcase any kind of political orientation. She introduces several environmentalists like Charles Moore and Dr Susan Freinkal in her video, which shows her intention of gaining strong participation of the environmentalists. The video clearly shows her strong intention of creating awareness in the society regarding the fatal impacts of presence of plastics in the marine ecosystem and gradually into the global food chainb (Eriksen et al., 2014). Charles W. L. Hill is an academic expert and world famous professor having experiences of teaching in some of the most reputed universities in the United States. After conducting an analysis of the backgrounds of the three authors, one can arrive at the decision that they have no political intention. Development of awareness and knowledge about the video, article and book: The cases presented in the article by Liberatore, the video by Sun and the book by Hill help in development of awareness and knowledge in the society. These literary sources complement each other and strengthen each others messages. Liberatore in the article published in the English daily spoke about the dangerous level of plastic effluents the major rivers carry to the oceans (dailymail.co.uk, 2017). Sun in her video clearly shows that harm plastic debris can do to marine life. She clearly points out the danger plastic debris pose to the ecosystem of the oceans and the world as whole. Hill in the book spoke one of the most spectacular current events which has escalated the level of pollution by infinite levels, globalisation. Hill, in his book deals in concepts like globalisation and international trade. It can be pointed out that globalisation and uncontrolled international trade are the reasons for pollution (Hill, 2017). This discussion shows that the three literary articles comp lement each other. Takeaways from the assignment: An comparison and contrast between the three literary sources namely, the newspaper article, the book and the video provide three assignment take aways or lessons about the devastating impact of plastic debris. The following section would discuss the three learnings form the point of view of the FMCG industry: Plastic debris is harmful to marine life: The plastic debris float consisting of containers of FMCG products and fishing nets float in the ocean water. The marine animals are trapped in them and are either killed or injured. The macro plastics items like nylon fishing nets destroy coral reefs and disturb the food chain permanently. These big pieces of plastic break into smaller or even invisibly small plastic pieces, which become a part of the body component of the marine animals and ultimately the consumers of them including man (Unnamalai, 2017). The FMCG companies and the consumers should use and dispose plastic responsibly: The video by Sun shows that the mass of debris on the Midway Island is composed of bottles, packages and other plastic articles, which the FMCG industry uses to pack and package goods. The industry should use plastic more responsibly by recycling the plastic pieces discarded. They must create awareness among the consumers about the fatal impact of plastic accumulation in the environment. This would result in decrease in the disposal of plastic in the oceans. Plastic causes harmful impact on the human body: The book by Hill states that globalisation and foreign trade have resulted in production of goods in large scale, which has in turn multiplied pollution. Sun in her video clearly states that the enormous amount of plastic the industrial sector and the consumers use finds its way in the marine food chain. Liberatore states that the rivers also contribute to the marine pollution. The micro plastic particles enter the bodies of the fishes and the body of men to who consume those fishes. The plastic disrupts the normal working of human body by causing hormonal imbalance and diseases like cancer. Thus, plastic accumulation in the ecosystem can lethal to all living organisms including man (Padhy Mishra, 2015). Conclusion: The discussion above shows how devastating pollution can be to the living world including man. It shows that plastic debris from the industrialised nations, which reach the oceans directly or indirectly along rivers, are capable of devastating marine life. They destroy the marine eco-system, which influence the entire food chain. The microforms of plastic make fishes and marine creatures unfit for use in the restaurants and by domestic consumers. Thus the plastic pollution have gives fatal blows to the industries which depend on marine creatures for raw materials like restaurants and fish export industry. The discussion shows that companies producing and using plastic should dispose plastics more responsibly by treating and recycling them. The consumers must reuse plastic packages and not dispose them into the rivers. This would help in reduction of devastation of marine life by plastic, save the eco system, ensure continuous flow of raw materials to the restaurant industries and ens ure sustenance of life on earth. References: Agrawal, A. D., Das, M. (2013). Green Marketing: sustainable marketing strategy.Indira Management Review,17. Arora, T., Mishra, A., Matta, G., Chopra, A. K., Kumar, A., Khanna, D. R., Kumar, V. (2017). Pollution load assessment and potential environmental risks of composite industrial effluents discharged from SIIDCUL Integrated Industrial Estate, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India.Journal of Environmental Biology,38(2), 205. Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L. C., Carson, H. S., Thiel, M., Moore, C. J., Borerro, J. C., ... Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea.PloS one,9(12), e111913. Eriksen, M., Maximenko, N., Thiel, M., Cummins, A., Lattin, G., Wilson, S., ... Rifman, S. (2013). Plastic pollution in the South Pacific subtropical gyre.Marine pollution bulletin,68(1), 71-76. Gross, D., Parfenov, S. (2016).Packaging Designs Impact on Sales and Supply Chain in the Consumer Goods Industry(Doctoral dissertation). Hill, C. (2017). International Business. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Holm, D. B., Eriksson, K., Johanson, J. (2015). Business Networks and Cooperation in International Business Relationships.Knowledge, Networks and Power, 133-152. Liberatore, S. (2017).Ocean Cleanup finds rivers are major culprits behind ocean pollution.Mail Online. Retrieved 6 November 2017, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4585526/Plastic-rivers-major-source-ocean-pollution-study.html Mason, S. A., Kammin, L., Eriksen, M., Aleid, G., Wilson, S., Box, C., ... Riley, A. (2016). Pelagic plastic pollution within the surface waters of Lake Michigan, USA.Journal of Great Lakes Research,42(4), 753-759. Padhy, P. C., Mishra, A. K. (2015). Green Consumerism: Catalyst for Environmental Marketing.Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment,2(3), 183-186. Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch - TM [MIRRORED]. (2017).YouTube. Retrieved 6 November 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVQd1e23eJc Sirirat, P. (2017).Sustainable Management Strategies: Thailands Sustainable Plastic-Management Leading the Thai Plastic Industry Towards Becoming a Bio-Plastic Hub(Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology). Srinivasan, S., Lu, W. F. (2014). Development of a supporting tool for sustainable fmcg packaging designs.Procedia CIRP,15, 395-400. trach, P., Wiesinger, S. (2015). Market Entry Mode Predictors: Evidence from Austrian Companies Targeting Central European Markets. InCross-Cultural Business Conference 2015(p. 161). Unnamalai, T. (2016). A Study on Consumer Attitudes towards Green Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)(With Special Reference to Tiruchirapalli Town).International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR),6(4), 380-389. Vegter, A. C., Barletta, M., Beck, C., Borrero, J., Burton, H., Campbell, M. L., ... Gilardi, K. V. (2014). Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife.Endangered Species Research,25(3), 225-247. Vibhuti, A. K. T., Pandey, V. (2014). A case study on consumer buying behavior towards selected FMCG products.International journal of scientific research and management,2(8), 1168-1182. Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., ... Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean.Science,347(6223), 768-771. Zheng, B. J. (2013). Green packaging materials and modern packaging design. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 271, pp. 77-80). Trans Tech Publications.

How to Find Leadership Essay Sample For Scholarship

How to Find Leadership Essay Sample For ScholarshipA leadership essay sample for scholarship is the most common form of essay that is accepted in a college or university. Most of the colleges require a college essay and will grade the essay based on its structure and content. There are many factors that determine the grade for the essay, but a regular essay is always different from one that is marked with a specific mark.There are many ways to improve your essay and this is where essay samples come in. If you are looking for a way to improve your grades, then you will find a great number of essays that are free online. These samples are good because they can help you improve your essay and this means that it will be easier for you to compete with other students in your class.There are various reasons that people need to look for an essay sample. It could be for college, college fund, career guidance or simply just for your own use. If you are looking for one for your use and want to improve your own grades, then you will find that there are a lot of ways to get good ones.One of the most important things to remember when looking for a leadership essay sample for scholarship is to make sure that you find one that has a formal structure and that is well written. This will make your essay look professional and this is something that you want to try to do. If you are having trouble writing, you should try to ask for advice from someone who knows how to write an essay.Also, when you look for an essay, make sure that it has an introduction that is interesting and can make a person read it over. The introduction is often the most important part of an essay because it gives the reader an idea about what the essay is about. This is the first part of your essay and you want to make sure that you give it the best possible chance to impress the reader.You should also find a structure that is easy to follow. This means that you want a structure that can help you find your po int easily and that it is not too wordy. In addition, make sure that the structure follows an outline and this is very important in an essay.One of the basic things that you want to look for when looking for essays is that they are well written and that they are written without spelling mistakes. By doing this, you will be able to improve your chances of getting accepted for a scholarship. If you need to find a template that can help you get ready for a leadership essay for scholarship, then you should look for an essay that is free online.This is because when you look for a free template, you can get a lot of help to improve your essay and to make it look professional. When you search for an essay, you will find that you have many options and this is the reason why you need to find one that is complete. You should also consider that a structure that follows an outline will help you make sure that your essay is easy to follow and that it makes you look professional.

Organizational Behaviour Concepts

Introduction The main or major purpose of this research is to help students determine various concepts relating to organizational behavior in the leadership field. In addition, it will help them develop and extend their ability to critically apply the concepts gained so far in real-life situations, especially when they work in different work places. It is equally necessary for students and various scholars to learn such skills of leadership because commonly, they are faced with new challenges, especially in work places.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behaviour Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having learned these skills, they can professionally tackle different situations which leaders face each and every day. Such situations include meeting customers and clients, workmates and most importantly, their seniors in an organization at personal levels. In the end, this will result in improved performance in the organization. In my adventure from college, I happened to visit Brookside Dairy Limited Company in Nairobi city in Kenya. The company’s main goal is to raise the living standards of the population sector and also improve the lives of most of the small scale farmers in the region. The history of dairy industry in Kenya began in the year 1992. It was then when the first dairy cows were brought by European settlers. The first creamery had been founded in Naivasha which later opened several other branches in different parts of the country. The Brookside firm in Nairobi happens to be one of the branches that were founded at that time. I managed to meet Elisha Chumo, one of the managers in the industry together with the Daily Field Extension team. She suggested various ways in which they embraced help to farmers so as to increase milk production. The approaches advanced by her are the following. First, it is necessary to ensure that there is an available market t o provide with milk. It means that customers should be assured of constant and available market for milk. In this regard, strong linkages are built with the customers since they are the potential shareholders in the cooperative. The entire Brookside Company is currently in partnership with over eight hundred thousand small-scale dairy farmers. They sell their milk throughout East Africa, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and even in the Middle East. Second, the cooperation should organize seminars. This is done to ensure the education of the parties involved in order to allow the farmers to be aware of new ways to increase milk production. In addition, the industry organizes regular seminars in the field training, meetings which are held countrywide to educate the workers on animal health, feeding, disease control, among others. These all are central points in animal husbandry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help yo u! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third point is to offer credit and loan facilities. Brookside Daily has negotiated with Kenya Commercial Bank to provide loans to its potential shareholders at very low-interest rates. This should encourage them to invest more into the dairy cooperative so as to expand their business in a long run. The company also offers its suppliers prompt payments for the milk delivered. It also has a grass root of many milk collection centers and cooling facilities which are well established with little wastage, such as the Oleguruone cooling plant, which supports over ten thousand farmers. Community development is another contribution of Brookside Daily Limited Company to the society. It pays the community back through supporting many communal projects aimed at improving living standards of people, such as repairing roads, cattle dips and church buildings. The company also employs farmers who are interested in joining the industry. F or instance, the organization is not only a committed partner but also a faithful one ready to become a world-class company through developing the mutual relationships with both the customers and the other parties involved. For my survey on the Nairobi Milk Processing Limited, I have discussed some burning issues in the industry with Chumo, who has helped me come up with various characteristics of true leaders. The interview with Chumo took around five hours. The qualities of good leadership which I determined during the interview are consistent with the contingency theories. Contingency theories are classes of behavioral theories which are considered to be depended on both internal and external situations as they require the leader to meet the situation in order to develop a successful leadership behavior (Nelson Cooper, 2007, p. 426). Woodward (1958, p. 57) argues that the contingency theories come up with generalizations concerning structures which are associated with good use o f different terminologies. Morgan (2007, p. 243) describes ideas that underlie contingency. He says that there are no better ways of organizing companies since they have open systems which require close management to balance their work. Moreover, to meet internal needs, the management should focus on achieving various organizational goals and several types of organizations that are required in different environments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behaviour Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In regard to Northouse (2004, p. 218), the model represents the relationship between style and favorableness of situation provided by leader-member relationship, high degree of task structure, and high leader’s position obtained through right authority. On the same note, Lawrence Lorsch (1967, p. 113), describe contingency theory as the best way to organize a corporation. The main idea of this theory is based on the nature of environment in which organizations operate. Their ideas are also in line with ideas of people like Woodward (1965, p. 68) and Thompson (1967, p 89). After my interrogation with Chumo, I came up with the following theories which support the contingency theories. They helped me come up with the qualities of good leadership. They include; great man theory, trait theory, contingency theory, situational theory, behavioral theory, participative theory, management theory and relationship theory. These theories are discussed below. Great man Theory The theory suggests that good leaders are born and not made consequently, the leadership skills are inherent. The theory portrays heroic, mythic and destined qualities hence the name of a great man. It is characterized by qualities such as having good member relations and task structure. For instance, one considers whether we have more than one solution to a problem or absorbing the problem. In this regard, the le ader’s position power is to punish the group members accordingly. The more the power the leader has, the more favorable the situation is (Caroselli, 2000, p. 140). He also talks about leader orientation which should be more than seventy-three percent. Leaders should use their good relations with the group so as to ensure that the obligations are met. On the other hand, if workers tend to underperform, managers should try to seek approvals from the senior supervisors and thereby control the situation. They should also reduce anxiety and tension among the group members and know how they control challenging situations to make them perform better (Darzi, 2008, p. 290). They are task-oriented in the sense that they get the work assigned seriously and pay little attention to personal relations through the moderate control situations, high control situations and also in low control situations. Fielder, therefore, found that the contingency leadership skills are built upon the orient ation of a leader and favorableness of the situation. Friedman’s theory was also supplemented by Abraham Lincoln and Julius Caesar, who also supported the argument that good leaders are born and not made.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This theory became very famous in the nineteenth century. According to Chandler (1962, p. 148), effective leaders are those gifted with divine inspiration and the right traits. However, Mintzberg (1967, p. 202) argued that leaders are society products and differ in respect to the society they live in. He quoted that: One must admit that the genesis of a great man depends on the long series of complex influences and that they have produced the race where that person lives and appears, the social state into which the race has grown slowly so that before that fellow remarks on the society, the society alone must make him (Mintzberg (1967, p. 202) Trait Theories and the Path theory This theory assumes that people inherit some traits from other people that make them suited to leadership. The theory draws a relationship between behavioral and personal characteristics that are innate to all leaders. In the scientific study, leadership emphasizes leadership effectiveness. The principles beh ind the trait theory were that, potential leaders are born rather molded and hence this assumption led to the name â€Å"great man theory† together with all ideas behind this theory. Many leadership studies based on this theoretical framework were conducted in the nineteen-thirties, nineteen-forties through the nineteen fifties (Darzi, 2008, p. 103). These studies focused on the relationship between individual traits and measures of effective leadership. Physical, social and mental features such as height, personality and intelligence, respectively, were all empirical variables of research. However, Stogdill (1948, p. 243) concludes that current research by then had not emphasized enough on the utility of the trait approach. On the other hand, the Path-Goal theory suggests that followers should be encouraged by leaders so as to achieve identified goals. It points out that effective leaders should be able to guide and motivate their followers if at all they are to achieve thei r goals (Francis Yammarino, 2009, p. 222). The path-goal theory assumes that followers are capable of attaining their goals that are high performance and desired results, if at all their leaders focus on motivating them in their daily assignments. Contingency Theories Woodward (1965, p. 267), focuses on some given variables that are related to the environment and they can determine a particular style of leadership that is most suitable at a particular time. Ideally, no leadership skill is suitable in all situations. Therefore, leadership styles, qualities of followers and other aspects of the organization are what determines how successful a leader can be. Contingency theories became famous in the late nineteen sixties and nineteen seventies. Among the commonly known contingency theories are situational leadership theory, the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision-making model of leadership, Fiedler’s contingency theory, path-goal theory, and the Fiedler’s contingency theory. The situational leadership theory was the first one to clarify on how situational factors and effective leadership are related. â€Å"In this theory, favorability of the situation determines the effectiveness of task and person-oriented leader behavior† (â€Å"Leadership Theories and Studies† 2012). In his research, Fiedler argues that given both extremes of situations, task-oriented leaders will be more effective. However, the person-oriented leaders were considered to have much effective potential in moderate situations. It follows that leader behavior should minimize or remove obstacles for junior workers’ goals accomplishment, encourage them and motivate them and in turn improve their performance. Situational leadership theory was criticized from both, methodological and theoretical perspectives. Despite these criticisms, it is still the most preferred contingency theory of leadership. This is because it offers meaningful views on the relationship between leader ship styles and subordinate ability. Situational Theories These theories explain how leaders make the best decisions while considering all aspects that surround them. They, therefore, employ certain styles for better decision making. Situational theory suggests that leadership advocates for more than one style and it is task-oriented. Most importantly, leaders who hold the leadership styles to maturity are the most successful. Francis Yammarino (2009, p. 267), characterized situation theory by telling that the leader explains the roles of the individual or group by giving directions on how, where, what, why and when a certain task will be done. Selling, in this case a leader gives guidance by first communications before giving socio-emotional support. This allows and influences both independent individuals and those on group levels to buying the ideas of the leader. (Caroselli, 2000, p. 162); Participating, here decision-making is shared on aspects of how the task is accomplished an d the leader provides less task behaviors; Delegating, this is whereby the leader remains in decision-making process but the process and responsibility are all up to individuals or group members; Problem recognition, this is the extent to which individuals recognize problems when facing them. According to Grunig Hunt (1984, p. 149), people do not stop thinking about situations until they realize what exactly is supposed to be done to improve the situation and lastly, constraint recognition, it is the extent to which individuals examine their behaviors while considering the limiting factors usually those that are beyond their control. Others include, level of involvement, information seeking and information processing (Kumar, 2001, p. 89) Behavioral Theories This is rooted in behaviorism and suggests that good leaders are made and not born. The theory focuses on actions of leaders and not on the mental qualifications. Therefore, through teaching and observation, one can learn to be a good leader. In the earlier nineteen fifties, due to disenchantment, the focus changed to behavioral traits of leadership (Reddy, 2004, p. 93). Following the studies that took place in the late nineteen forties and nineteen fifties, the following were taken into account: consideration and initiating structure were the two factors to be considered most in determining the leadership skills. It concurs with principles of trait theory in that combining the natural aspect of leaders and what they seem to integrate with what they encompass in every aspect of leadership. The major appeal of behavioral theory assumes that if we have the leadership knowledge, and then it will be possible to teach others (Maurik 2001, p. 199 Northouse, 2004, p. 158). Ivan Pavlov also includes the following theories: aggression – Biological Theory versus Behaviorist and spiritual energy, its promotional aspects include Individualized Consideration Intellectual Stimulation, Inspirational Motivation an d Idealized Influence Participate Theories and Relationship Theories Good leadership is one that puts into practice other leadership styles. This makes other group members feel more relevant and get committed to decision-making process. In this theory of participation, leaders should accommodate other peoples’ views. Transformational theories which are also referred to as relationship theories focus on the relationship between followers and their leaders. They inspire and motivate people on importance of good work through helping them. These leaders are not only concerned with group members but also, the individual members to meet their obligations. Fulop Linstead (1998, p. 98), consider the following concepts in management learning and knowledge, which are also related to good leadership skills that should be possessed by a leader. Some of them include gender management and control. They suggest that a qualified leader should consider both men and women in their workplaces so that each of them is given an equal opportunity when it comes to promotion and work allocation. In addition, management should treat different cultures with equal weights; management sustainability, the power of politics in an organization, organizational control, management ethnicity as proposed by Robin Stanley Snell (1945, p 130). This is the management learning and knowledge strategies, alternatively the core concepts in management. Management theories and servant leadership theories They are also referred to as transactional theories and their main emphasis is on the role and importance of organization, supervision and group performance. Employees are reprimanded or rewarded in respect to their performance in the organization. The servant theory suggests that leaders should put themselves in their servants’ shoes in order for them to have a vivid anticipation of what they expect of their followers. The theory of servant leadership, therefore, plays a critical role in leadership circles. However, it is hard to explain the theory because of a number of values that a good leader should possess. Transformational leadership theory In the nineteen seventies, a number of leadership theories emerged. The theories emphasised on the significance of charisma in effective leadership. In addition, they explain how leaders can handle challenging tasks facing their organization that is by forming successful company against incredible challenges. The theories also focus on the significance of leaders’ stirring subordinates’ appreciation, enthusiasm, and unquestioned allegiance through articulating a lucid and persuasive vision (Reddy, 2004, p. 107). Moreover, the theory describes that leadership is the process through which one connects with others which results into an increased motivation and morality from both followers and leaders (Wolinski 2010). It is connected to the theory of charismatic leadership that postulates that leaders with unique qualities such as extroversion, confidence and clearly stated values are the most suitable for motivating followers (Wolinski 2010). The main aspect of the transformational leadership so far is that the leader should address the needs of the followers so as to help them achieve their desired results. Servant Leadership Theories These theories in their philosophy argue that leaders should be servants. First of all, they should put their interests behind those of their followers, customers and even the community at large in order to realise effectiveness of their leadership (Beyrem, 1998, p. 216). Some of their features include stewardship, empathy and commitment. Secondly, we have the management processes which include motivation and learning in that workers must be trained so that they are aware of any changes within the organization to discover new ways of doing things by continuously being taken to the field and organizing for motivational talks at given set interval, leadership a nd learning in that a good leader keeps on learning each and every new day on various issues such as mistakes committed by workers so as to avoid them next time they are faced with similar challenges (Stogdill, 1948, p. 145), formation of management teams to lead other people from below, management of conflict and negotiation as per Stephen Linstead, Jonathan Gosling, Liz Fulop, Anne-Marie Greene and David S. Richards, formation of management change as per Alison Pullen, decision making in organization, management strategically by Bobby Baneriee, Michael Brone and Stephen Linsted and also forming the inter-organizational networking to help the leader assess their performance through either within and outside the organization. It is from the above theories together with the study of Brookside Company that I came up with the following leadership skills. Vision: Leaders should have a vision and at the same time, have a different perspective on how they view things. Secondly, being wise ; being wise is knowing something about everything unlike knowing everything about something, therefore, for one to be a good leader, he/she should make critical decisions at the right time within the organization. This knowledge is crucial for any organization to succeed. Thirdly, is being passionate in nature. Leaders should be passionate people in the sense that they see where and what they are obsessed with. Such thing could be project in the business, sports or a hobby. This, in turn, helps them to remain focused in any decision and when dealing with delicate operations. Fourthly, is to have compassion for their supporters and employees by having great coaching and development skills. In addition to this, leaders should also know people who care about them. In this regard, they therefore cease to be selfish and diversify their thinking. In addition, leaders should be charismatic. Good leaders are like traps who charm followers and tend them close because of their personable cha racters. They are also quick in networking especially building relationships and ensuring high performance. Such fellows have the X-factor characteristic. Moreover, good leaders should communicate. Finally, leaders need to be good communicators and motivators who can inspire their followers when addressing them. Good leaders should also be persistent. This means they are supposed to be determined in making up to their goals. They should understand that reaching up to their goals would be hard, but they persist until they get what they desire. Intelligence is another characteristic of a good leader. Good leaders mean what they speak and promise. They are also regarded as people who keep their promises and avoid unconvincing others. People find them reliable, trustworthy and other go as far as making them their role models. A good leader should also be daring. Winston Churchill argues that, courage is the critical feature among all other aspects that lie in an organization. Good leade rs chase after their dreams without despair. Despite that fears are real; daring leaders should face them regardless of their challenges. Lastly, good leaders should be disciplined and have control in regard to their goals. When others lose control, good leaders should focus on disciplining their minds to keep them on track regardless of what they are facing. Conclusion Considering the company’s performance from the time it started up to date, I can comfortably conclude that surely a leader with such skills will automatically succeed in terms of leadership and performance. Chumo, one of the senior managers of Brookside Company developed these skills through learning and practice. It is these skills that Chumo and other managers in the company posses that make the company perform outstandingly well. Moreover, it is in line with the contingency theories of a good leadership. Through having all the above-discussed characteristics of good leadership, the entire organization could perform better while workers being at piece, having good communication strategy so as to enhance even departmental help and coordination (Perrow, 1967, p. 293). Working without being pressurized people will be able to complete the tasks given in time and therefore efficiency in service, produce delivery (Darzi, 2008, p. 123). Regarding the Milk production in Nairobi, all the above characteristics and theories w include: great man theory trait theory, contingency theories situational theory, behavioural theory participate theories management theory, relationship theory transformational leadership theory servant leadership all are well and effectively applied and that clearly gives the evidence of the outstanding performance of the Brookside Limited Company. In most theories, leadership is taken to be a benchmark in several ways which include the following: a combination of traits, personality characteristics or leadership as a process. In many theories, there exists a belief that le adership is determined by a group of followers towards the realization of objectives of the organization. In my opinion, leadership is averse and a complex process as opposed to what currently writers write that oversimplifies that process. References Beyrem, FL 1998, Managerial Concepts, Gardner Publishers, New York. Caroselli, M (2000, Leadership Skills for Managers, McGraw-Hill, Professional Florida. Chandler Jr., AD 1962, Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the American industrial enterprise, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Darzi, NA 2008, Organisational Behaviour, Atlantic Publisher, New Delhi. Francis J Yammarino, FD 2009, Multi-Level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Leadership, Emerald Group Publishing, Illnois. Kumar, RM 2001, Organisational Behaviour, Anmol Publications, New Delhi. Lawrence, PR Lorsch, JW 1967, Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration, Harvard University, Boston, MA. Maurik, JV 2001, Writers on Leadership, Peng uin, London. Mintzberg, H 1979, The Structuring of Organizations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. Morgan, G 2007, Images of organization, Sage Thousand, Oaks. Nelson, DL Cooper, CL 2007, Positive Organizational Behavior, Sage, London. Northouse, PG 2004. Leadership: Theory and practice, 3rd edn, Sage, London. Perrow, Ch 1967, ‘A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Organizations’, American Sociological Review, vol. 32, no. 2, pp.194–208. Reddy, JP 2004, Organisational behaviour, A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. â€Å"Leadership Theories and Studies† 2012, in Advameg (ed.), Reference for Business: Encyclopedia of Small Business. Web. Stogdill, R 1948, Behavioural Leadership Skills, Adventure Works Press, Chicago. Thompson, D 1967, Organizations in Action, McGraw-Hill, New York. Wolinski, S 2010, Leadership Theories. Web. Woodward, H 1958, Management and Technology, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. Woodward, J 1965, In dustrial organization: Theory and practice, Oxford University Press, New York. This essay on Organizational Behaviour Concepts was written and submitted by user Keaton Irwin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.