Drug Interaction With Anti Diabetic Drugs - 772 Words

Faculty of pharmacy Pharmacology and toxicology department Clinical Pharmacology PO512 Assignment Drug interaction with Anti-diabetic drugs Amany Essma Ahmed 136097 Prof.Dr. Amany El-Brairy Assistants AL. Maha Shouman AL. Heba Hossam Introduction Diabetes is considered as insulin secretion deficiency that diagnosed easily by low blood glucose level (Wilson, 2001). There are very common signs and symptoms such as polyphagia, polyuria and polydipsia, thus major complications will be observed from gangrene, glaucoma, kidney failure, and nervous diseases to cardiovascular complications (Wilson, 2001). Classifications of anti-diabetic drugs A. Injected insulin According to Wilson (2001), it is a chemically synthetic injected†¦show more content†¦Drug interactions According to Inzucchi and McGuire (2008), 1. Insulin, alcohol, MAOI and salicylates: hypoglycemia 2. Dicumarol, chloramphenicol and MAOI: reduce hepatic metabolism of sulphonylurea 3. Sulfonamide, probencid and salicylates: reduce urinary excretion of sulphonylurea 2. Biguanides e.g. metformin Mechanism of action Anti-hyperglycemia will be achieved through many steps; decreasing glycogen breakdown, improving insulin sensitivity in the tissues and decreasing glucose synthesis by the liver and its absorption by the intestine (Inzucchi and McGuire, 2008). Uses Used mainly in controlling hyperglycemia, either alone or in combination with sulphonylurea. Also it has anti-hypertension effect (Inzucchia and McGuire, 2008). Adverse effects Cause lactic acidosis and many GIT problems such as anorexia, nausea and vomiting (Inzucchi and McGuire, 2008). Drug interactions As Inzucchi and McGuire (2008) said that, 1. Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid when taken with it: decrease their absorption 2. Ibubrufen, propranolol, nifedipine and glyburide: hyperglycemia 3. Quinidine, cimetidine and trimethoprim: reduce metformin elimination and increase its serum concentration. 3. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors e.g. Miglitol Mechanism of action They inhibits alpha amylase enzyme that is responsible for carbohydrate digestion and so delay their absorption from the intestine in order to manage diabetes (Nathan, et. al., 2008). Uses Combine withShow MoreRelatedTypes And Types Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1046 Words   |  5 Pagescomplications, the patients are prescribed with multiple treatment modalities such as oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin sensitizers. The advancement in research has helped in identifying various gluco-regulatory receptors as well as novel class of drugs for these targets that are found to have effective control on diabetes as well as its complications [6]. The primary classes of anti-diabetic drugs include sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylinRead MoreThe New Class Of Anti Diabetic Drugs2008 Words   |  9 Pagesare the new class of anti-diabetic drugs that are the first to be able to manage glycaemia goals. Troglitazone was first approved for the market in 1997, but it was withdrawn from the market by 2000. After the withdrawal of troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were introduced in 1999 as potentially safer alter natives. However, currently rosiglitazone is under black box warning for increased risk of cardiovascular disease and pioglitazone is in a nutshell as the drug required more investigationRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases Characterized By Hyperglycemia Resulting From Defects1463 Words   |  6 Pages(R/N) Drug Class Antidiabetic agent Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed from subcutaneous administration and metabolized by liver spleen, kidney and liver. Indications Diabetes mellitus Mechanism of Actions Binds to the receptors located on the target cells triggers changes in cellular activity Increase the glucose uptake by cell membrane of the skeletal muscle cells and fat cells, increased protein synthesis Side Effects Hypoglycemia, allergic reactions Significant Interactions Drug-Drug: betaRead MoreEfficacy Of Lisinopril1126 Words   |  5 PagestheIR quality of life have been improving in the past 100 due to changes in medicine and in public health (Mattes et al., 2013). Patients are placed on multiple medications at the same time and it important to understand their safety, efficacy, drug interaction, and toxicity (Mattes et al., 2013). As Mr. Cynthia Nurse practitioner, my job is to understand what affect her prescribing medication is having on her body. I have place Mrs. Cynthia on Lisinopril for her hypertension and metformin for her typeRead MoreComplications and Prevalence of Diabetes1391 Words   |  6 Pageseither due to insufficient insulin production or to the inability of cells to respond to insulin. Diabetes can cause a lot of long-term complications that affect different parts of the body. It can cause eye complications such as glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and blindness. Foot complications that can lead to amputation can also result from uncontrolled diabetes. Skin infections and disorders are more common to people with diabetes. It also causes heart problems, ischemia, stroke, kidneyRead MorePharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of aqueous extract of Cassia auriculata L. leaves and Metformin in rats.1533 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Cassia auriculata L. (CA) is profoundly used as a tonic, astringent, anti-diabetic, conjunctivitis and opthalmia in Ayurvedic medicine (Subhadradevi et al., 2011). It is one of the principle constituent of Avaarai panchaga chooranam; an Indian herbal formulation used in the treatment of diabetes to control the blood sugar level (Berman et al., 2001). Cassia species, are rich sources of polyphenols, anthraquinone derviatives, flavanoids, polysaccrides, saponins, tannins and steroidsRead MoreMechanistic Analysis Of Biguanide Induced Inhibition Of Oxidative Phosphorylation1460 Words   |  6 Pagescompounds into the mitochondria varies on hydrophobicity, in general anti-diabetic biguanides can passively diffuse while anti-malarial compounds cannot. These findings are a next step in trying to understand the biochemical interactions this family of compounds has within mitochondria. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that all five biguanide compounds tested inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OP) through an interaction with complex I in the electron transport chain (ETC). Through ElectronRead MoreFormulation Manufacturing Issues of Levadopa/ Carbidopa Combinations1543 Words   |  6 PagesFormulation Manufacturing Issues Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet ®) – Synthetic Drug The most effective drug used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease is levodopa. When Levodopa is consumed on its own, it evidentially causes nausea and vomiting. Due to this factor a combination therapy with the drug carbidopa is essential in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease to avoid side effect. The most popular carbidopa/levodopa pharmaceutical formulation is called Sinemet ®. Carbidopa/levodopa can be foundRead MoreThe Herbal And Dietary Supplement Market1501 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of food in treatment and prevention of diseases since regular consumption of synthetic drugs sometimes cause organ failure and so many other effects. Again, consumers have the belief that food like substances are either harmless or less toxic as compared to conventional drugs, furthermore nutraceuticals are cheaper and are safe with regards to avoiding the side effects associated with drugs (Tapans et al., 2008). CLASSIFICATION Nutraceuticals can be isolated nutrients herbal products, dietaryRead MoreDiabetic Case Study877 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist (AACE) treatment goals are individualized and aimed at lowering A1C and prevention of hypoglycemia along with decreased comorbidities associated with diabetes. Diabetics who are at an increased risk for hypoglycemia include: a diagnosis of greater than 15 years, advanced macrovascular disease, hypoglycemia unawareness, limited life expectancy and severe comorbidities (Garber, Blonde, Bush, Einhorn, Garber,et al., 2017). In addition Fowler (2010)